Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes. Fundamentals of inorganic solid-state electrolytes for batteries. We also demonstrate rapid Li + conduction in lanthanide metal chlorides (LnCl 3 Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm and Gd), suggesting that the LnCl 3 solid electrolyte system could provide further developments in conductivity and utility.įamprikis, T., Canepa, P., Dawson, J. When directly coupled with an uncoated LiNi 0.5Co 0.2Mn 0.3O 2 cathode and bare Li metal anode, the Li 0.388Ta 0.238La 0.475Cl 3 electrolyte enables a solid battery to run for more than 100 cycles with a cutoff voltage of 4.35 V and areal capacity of more than 1 mAh cm −2. It also generates a gradient interfacial passivation layer to stabilize the Li metal electrode for long-term cycling of a Li–Li symmetric cell (1 mAh cm −2) for more than 5,000 h. The optimized Li 0.388Ta 0.238La 0.475Cl 3 electrolyte exhibits Li + conductivity of 3.02 mS cm −1 at 30 ☌ and a low activation energy of 0.197 eV. In contrast to a Li 3MCl 6 (M = Y, In, Sc and Ho) electrolyte lattice 3, 4, 5, 6, the UCl 3-type LaCl 3 lattice has large, one-dimensional channels for rapid Li + conduction, interconnected by La vacancies via Ta doping and resulting in a three-dimensional Li + migration network. Here we report a LaCl 3-based lithium superionic conductor possessing excellent interfacial compatibility with lithium metal electrodes. Inorganic superionic conductors possess high ionic conductivity and excellent thermal stability but their poor interfacial compatibility with lithium metal electrodes precludes application in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries 1, 2.
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